Sanam Khan

If the sun shines brightly on the Rampur Raza library collections it is because of the Rampur State Nawabs, for it is them, who ensured that the rich and diverse miniature paintings from Persian origin and different schools of India be exhibited, recognized and preserved for future generations.

One such miniature, adorning the library's collection, is a work of art on a handmade paper board (wasli) sheet. The golden color is decoratively scattered all over the board, creating a visually captivating effect. The splendid miniature was painted during Jahangir's reign.

An inscription at the bottom in Nastaliq states ‘Fatehchand.’ This is a remarkable work of ‘Fatehchand’ a highly skilled and outstanding painter of Jehangir’s period.  Rich colours, such as reds, blues, and gold, are used for fabrics and carpets, their detailed pattern highlighting the sophistication in miniature art.  

The painting employs a flattened perspective typical of Mughal miniatures, focusing on storytelling. The setting appears to be, within a large courtyard of the shrine. A detailed architectural element forms a backdrop. There is a hazy, light-colored sky suggesting an outdoor setting in pleasant weather conditions.

While I can provide a story based on a specific painting’s theme I have seen and worked on as an art conservationist and researcher.  The central focus is a seated, light-skinned emperor elegantly dressed in light-coloured robe, beneath a red canopy, emerging from the shrine of Hazrat Moinuddin Chisti sahib, the most famous Sufi saint of the 13th century Chisthi order of south Asia. The Chisthi sufis are renowned for emphasizing love, tolerance, and openness. The order traces its origin through different saints leading to Maula Ali A.S and Prophet Mohammad.

The full view of the Painting

It appears that Jehangir had just completed his prayers, seeking blessings and reaffirming his devotion. His gaze swept across the sea of faces – pilgrims, locals, the poor, and the needy, all gathered in anticipation. Today, the emperor would perform the ritual of langar, distributing food to all who came to offer respect to the saint who dedicated his entire life to the welfare of the oppressed and poor people. 

Jehangir (1605-1627) sits on a platform covered with a richly patterned rug. He appears calm and regal, possibly giving offerings. Several individuals directly interact with him, appearing to receive gifts or make gestures of deference.

Surrounding him is a significant number of figures at least 30 or more. They are generally dressed in colorful, long garments reflecting various ranks and roles within the court. The attire varies in color and embellishment, suggesting a hierarchy. Many wear turbans of different styles and colors. Some appear to be guards or soldiers, while others are courtiers or officials.

Their expressions are generally subdued and respectful, reflecting a sense of order.  Many elderly men, their faces etched with gratitude. The dastarkhwan (traditional floor-level food mat) lay with food brimming with fragrant steaming saffron biryani, were brought forth. Servants, under the watchful eye of the royal khansama (chef), began ladling out generous portions onto plates.

Inside the Dargah of Hazrat Moinuddin Chisti, in Ajmer, Rajasthan, there are two big cooking pots used for making Niyaz (consecrated food). The system of cooking food in large cauldrons was introduced by Akbar (1556-1605). The second pot presented by Jehangir can cook up to 2400 kg of food. The date of its presentation is written in the Tuzu-i-Jehangiri ( memoirs of Jehangir). Since then, large quantities of food have always been cooked and distributed among people visiting the revered shrine.

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The atmosphere seems charged with a sense of shared humanity or an important event in the life of a ruler. The emperor, despite his elevated status, engaged with his subjects in this simple act of giving. The langar continued until every person present had been fed, their stomachs full, and their hearts touched by the Gharib Nawaz’s grace.

Sanam Ali Khan is an Art conservator, at Rampur Raza library.