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Astrology, the belief that the positions and movements of celestial bodies can influence human events and personality traits, has been a topic of interest and controversy throughout human history. In the Islamic tradition, the discussion around astrology is nuanced, encompassing spiritual, ethical, and scientific dimensions.

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Islamic tradition clearly distinguishes between astronomy, the scientific study of celestial bodies, and astrology, which involves interpreting the supposed influence of stars and planets on human affairs.

Astronomy is highly regarded in Islam and branch of knowledge that reflects the grandeur of Allah’s creation. The Quran frequently references the sun, moon, and stars as signs (ayat) of Allah’s power:

“It is He who made the sun a shining light and the moon a derived light and determined for it phases – that you may know the number of years and the account [of time]. Allah has not created this except in truth. He details the signs for people who know.” (Quran 10:5)

The study of astronomy was essential in Islamic civilization for determining prayer times, the direction of the Qibla (Kaaba), and the Islamic lunar calendar. Renowned Muslim astronomers like Al-Biruni, Al-Tusi, and Ibn al-Shatir made groundbreaking contributions to the field.

Astrology, however, involves attributing human characteristics, behaviors, or events to the influence of celestial objects. This practice is widely condemned in Islamic teachings because it conflicts with the core tenets of Islamic belief, particularly the principle of Tawheed (the oneness of Allah).

The Quran, while encouraging the study of celestial phenomena, denounces practices that involve seeking knowledge of the unseen (ghayb) or relying on anything other than Allah for guidance. Several verses highlight this:

“And He subjected for you the sun and the moon, continuous [in orbit], and subjected for you the night and the day. And He gave you from all you asked of Him.” (Quran 14:33-34)

This verse underscores that celestial bodies are part of Allah's creation, serving humanity devoid of independent power.

“Say: None in the heavens and earth knows the unseen except Allah...” (Quran 27:65)

Astrology’s claim to predict future events contradicts the Quranic assertion that knowledge of the unseen belongs solely to Allah.

Prophet Muhammad however strongly criticized astrology and fortune-telling. He emphasized that reliance on such practices detracts from faith in Allah:

“Whoever learns a branch of astrology has learned a branch of magic. The more he increases in that, the more he increases in sin.” (Sunan Abu Dawood)

This hadith equates astrology with magic, which is explicitly prohibited in Islam.

“The sun and the moon are two of the signs of Allah; they do not eclipse for the death or birth of anyone.” (Sahih Bukhari)

This narration rejects the idea that celestial events are linked to human affairs, reinforcing the view that such beliefs are baseless.

What are the theological concerns about Astrology

Violation of Tawheed

At the heart of Islamic theology is the belief in the oneness of Allah (Tawheed), which includes recognizing Him as the sole sustainers and controller of the universe. Astrology, by attributing influence to celestial bodies, contradicts this principle. It implies that stars or planets have powers independent of Allah that constitutes shirk (associating partners with Allah).

Belief in the Unseen

Islam teaches that only Allah possesses knowledge of the unseen, including the future. Attempting to predict the future through astrology challenges this belief, as outlined in the Quran:

“And with Him are the keys of the unseen; none knows them except Him.” (Quran 6:59)

Astrology often promotes fatalistic attitudes, encouraging people to believe that their lives are governed by celestial forces rather than their efforts and Allah’s decree. Islam, on the other hand, advocates personal responsibility, effort, and reliance on Allah’s will (Tawakkul).

While Islamic theology condemns astrology, its practice is not absent in the Muslim world. During the medieval Islamic era, astrology and astronomy were often intertwined. Some scholars studied astrology alongside astronomy for practical purposes, such as navigation and timekeeping, but they drew clear boundaries to avoid theological conflicts.

Despite Islamic teachings, astrology remains popular in many Muslim-majority cultures, often intertwined with local traditions. Horoscopes, zodiac signs, and fortune-telling are widespread, particularly in media and entertainment. However, Islamic scholars regularly remind the community of the distinction between cultural practices and religious teachings.

The Islamic rejection of astrology is rooted in its ethical and spiritual implications: Dependency on Allah: Islam teaches reliance on Allah through prayer (du’a) and trust (Tawakkul). Astrology undermines this reliance by promoting dependency on speculative practices.

Rational decision-Making

slam encourages rationality and personal effort in decision-making. Astrology, by offering predetermined outcomes, can hinder free will and critical thinking.

Astrology is seen as a deviation from the path of reliance on Allah and the pursuit of knowledge rooted in truth and science.

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For Muslims, the stars and planets serve as signs of Allah’s greatness, not as tools for divination. The Quran and Sunnah provide clear guidance, encouraging believers to seek their destiny through prayer, effort, and trust in Allah rather than the speculative claims of astrology.