Ruchika Arora

Maha Shivratri, one of the most significant Hindu festivals is dedicated to Lord Shiva, the supreme deity of transformation, destruction, and regeneration. This auspicious night marks the convergence of Shiva and Shakti—the masculine and feminine energies of the universe.

While Shivratri is celebrated across India and by Hindus worldwide, its celebration takes on a profound dimension in the context of Kashmir Shaivism which flourished in the Kashmir Valley between the 8th and 12th centuries.

Maha Shivratri, or 'The Great Night of Shiva', is celebrated on the 14th night of the dark fortnight in the Hindu month of Phalguna (February-March). According to Hindu mythology, this is the night when Lord Shiva performed the Tandava, the cosmic dance of creation, preservation, and destruction. It is also believed to be the night when Shiva and Parvati were married, symbolizing the union of consciousness and energy.

In Kashmir Shaivism, Shivratri is not just a ritual but a deeply internalized spiritual practice. The night symbolizes the end of ignorance and the awakening of higher consciousness. It serves as a reminder to turn inward and realize that the Atman—the self—is none other than Shiva. It is a metaphor for the journey from duality to non-duality, from ignorance to enlightenment.

In Kashmir, Maha Shivratri is Herath, and it holds a special place in the spiritual and cultural life of the Valley. Unlike the more public celebrations across India, where devotees visit temples and offer milk and water to Lord Shiva, Herath is a spiritual observance rooted in the essence of Shaivism.

Unlike the grand processions and night-long vigils observed elsewhere, Herath is about the region’s unique spiritual traditions, particularly the philosophy of Kashmir Shaivism.

Rituals include offerings of water, milk, and walnuts—a tradition unique to Kashmiri Pandits, who regard walnuts as sacred symbols of cosmic elements. Herath is not just a festival but a celebration of the ancient wisdom of awakening. As the chants of Om Namah Shivaya echo through the Valley under the watchful gaze of the snow-clad mountains, the connection between the seeker and the divine is re-affirmed.

Statue of Natrajam, a form of Shiva at CREN, Geneva, Switzerland

One of the most fascinating aspects of Kashmir Shaivism is its influence on Sufism, the mystical dimension of Islam. Both traditions emphasize divine love, inner experience, and the unity of existence. The shared spiritual essence created a unique dialogue between Shaivism and Sufism, enriching both traditions.

The poetry of Kashmiri Sufi saints like Sheikh Noor-ud-din Wali (Nund Rishi) often echoes Shaivite themes. Nund Rishi’s verses emphasize the oneness of God and the importance of self-realization, mirroring the core teachings of Kashmir Shaivism.

Shaivism's emphasis on direct spiritual experience found a powerful voice in the poetry of Lal Ded (Lalleshwari), a 14th-century mystic poet. Her verses, known as Lal Vakhs, blend Shaivite philosophy with Kashmiri folk wisdom. Simple yet profound, her poetry speaks of breaking free from illusion and recognizing the divine within. One of her most famous verses encapsulates the essence of Kashmir Shaivism:

"I was passionate, filled with longing, I searched far and wide.

But the cup was in my hand, and the wine was within me."

This representation of the wine within reflects the core philosophy of Kashmir Shaivism—the divine is not an external entity but is present within oneself.

Kashmir Shaivism’s non-dualistic philosophy, also known as Advaita, teaches that there is no separation between the individual self and universal consciousness—Shiva. This perspective is particularly relevant in today’s divided world, where distinctions based on religion, race, gender, and ideology often lead to conflict and suffering. The celebration of Shivratri fosters an awareness of oneness - to see the divine in self and all beings. This sense of unity nurtures compassion, empathy, and global connection, motivating individuals and communities to come together for the greater good.

Kashmir Shaivism is not just a philosophical concept or a relic of the past; it remains a living tradition, deeply embedded in the cultural and spiritual essence of the Valley. Its philosophy, poetry, and practices continue to shape Kashmiri identity. As we celebrate MahaShivratri, let us embrace the teachings of Kashmir Shaivism, recognize the divine light within, and find guidance toward peace and enlightenment, echoing the timeless words of Lal Ded:

"Shiva is everywhere, in everything. Recognize Him, and you will find peace."

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In a world often divided, the wisdom of Kashmir Shaivism remains an enduring inspiration, calling us to recognize the divine within and embrace the unity that binds us all.

Dr. Ruchika Arora is a researcher, editor, and publisher with a focus on traditional architecture, cultural heritage, and philosophy