Washington

More than 78 million American voters had already cast their ballot by Monday morning,  on the eve of Election Day as Vice-President Kamala Harris and former President Donald Trump crisscrossed the seven battleground states with their closing remarks.

Harris and Trump are locked in a tight race even at this late stage in the campaign.

The Vice-President leads the former President by 0.9 age points in the weighted average of national polls compiled by FiveThirtyEight, at 47.9 percent and 47 percent.

Trump is ahead of Harris by 0.1 age point in the RealClearPolitics average of polls, at 48.5 percent and 48.4 percent. But the election is going to be determined not by national votes but by electoral college votes that the nominees secure, especially in the seven battleground states.

The seven battleground states -- they are so-called because they can go either way unlike solidly Democratic and Republican states -- are Wisconsin, Michigan, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, Georgia, Arizona, and Nevada.

The contest between Harris and Trump is tight even in these states.

Harris leads Trump in Michigan (47.9 percent to 47.1 percent), Wisconsin (48.2 percent to 47.3 percent) and is even with Trump in Pennsylvania (47.7 percent to 47.9 percent) and trails Trump in North Carolina (47.2 percent to 48.4 percent), Georgia (47.2 percent to 48.4 percent), Arizona (46.5 percent to 49 percent, and Nevada (47.3 percent to 47.8 percent.

But polls have been under serious doubt in recent years.

The 2020 national surveys for the presidential contest between Trump and Joe Biden, for instance, have been called the least accurate in 40 years, according to a comprehensive survey by the American Association for Public Opinion Research.

The report also found that polls for the state election were the least accurate in at least two decades.

The polls had got the 2016 contest between Trump and Clinton horribly wrong as well; because they failed to factor in the education divide and underestimated Trump.

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No reason was cited in the report for the 2020 fiasco.